Martijn van Welie has some concise descriptions of web design patterns and types of navigation that have become common over the years. They are things we intuitively know from building and using web sites, presented together in a clean way.
But then, after I wrote the above, I see an article on Boxes and Arrows in which Jacob Nielson says: “Intuition is completely the wrong word to use – it’s not a matter of intuition. It’s a matter of being very good at pattern matching, being able to spot small things, and hold together the big picture of what that really means.”